# Author Country of Origin

On cases where literature screening is conducted for a specific territory, it is desirable to filter articles according to the country of origin. The country of origin is typically determined by verifying the **country of affiliation** of the article's authors, or just the primary (first) author.

Biologit MLM-AI supports this workflow by detecting author's country of affiliation where this information is available.

#### How Much Can be Filtered by Country of Origin?

Results will vary depending on databases being used in the search. In general, PubMed has better affiliation coverage and you can expect more articles to be filtered from this source.

Based on our experimental results:

* When searching only PubMed as source, country of affiliation can be identified (and therefore filtered) in over **80%** of results
* When searching all sources, country of affiliation can be detected in **18%** of results

We are constantly making improvements to affiliation data and our detection algorithms to improve coverage.

### Filtering by Country Of Origin

Author country of affiliation can be filtered with the `mainauthor` and `anyauthor` filters.

For example:

* `mainauthor:us`
  * **Includes** articles where the main author's affiliation is the US
  * **Includes** any articles unable to detect country of affiliation
  * **Excludes** articles where author affiliation is not from the US

* `anyauthor:us`
  * **Includes** articles where the affiliation of any author is from the US
  * **Includes** articles unable to match affiliation country
  * **Excludes** articles that contain affiliation and where no author is from the US 

{% hint style="info" %}
The article **main author** is always the first author listed 
{% endhint %}

 In the Review Details screen, select the "Countries in Authors" column to see detected countries of affiliation:

<figure><img src="/files/oBkqmiY0RkwqOLPljDTw" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

Each author's affiliation is also visible in the details tab:

<figure><img src="/files/jGEurQHrQQpNGHoEIETy" alt=""><figcaption></figcaption></figure>

### Frequently Asked Questions

#### How does affiliation detection work?

MLM-AI will determine the country according to mentions of any countries, nationalities, cities or regions from the author affiliation metadata.

#### Who is the primary author

The primary author is always the first author listed.

#### What happens when affiliation is not known

In some cases, author affiliation data is not present. MLM-AI will **not** filter such articles and leave up to users to make the determination on the country of origin.


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